четверг, 18 октября 2012 г.

The Vote

State voting rights had been granted (or withdrawn) in the following years:


South Australia
1856 (Aboriginals included)
Victoria
1857 (Aboriginals included)
New South Wales
1858 (Aboriginals included)
Queensland
1859 (after separating from New South Wales)

– in 1885 Aboriginals were specifically excluded
Western Australia
1893 – (Aboriginals were specifically excluded)
Tasmania
1896 Aboriginals included by inference as they were not specifically excluded.


Some of these (male) voting rights had residence and/or property qualifications.

Votes were granted to women before federation as follows:

SA – 1894 (Aboriginals included)

WA - 1899


In 1902 the federal government did not stop Aboriginals from voting, it legislated to stop them fromenrolling to vote. This is more or less like the literacy tests used in America to stop African-Americans from voting before the Civil Rights Movement had achieved its goals. 
This attempt to thwart the Australian Constitution was ruled invalid in 1925. 



In 1949 The Commonwealth Electoral Act restored the federal vote to those Aboriginals who were entitled to vote in state elections, whether they had enrolled before 1901 or not.


In 1962, the Commonwealth Electoral Act finally allowed all Aboriginal people to enrol to vote in federalelections, regardless of whether they were enrolled to vote in state elections.

Western Australia gave Aboriginals a state vote in 1962, with Queensland waiting til 1965.

The 1967 Referendum – at least in legal terms – had nothing to do with voting rights. The saddest part of this story is that those Aboriginals who did have the right to vote on the questions asked in the referendum, did not necessarily know they had that right.

Educational programs and mobile polling booths have since helped increase the Aboriginal vote in remote areas – with mobile polling booths benefiting white voters as well.

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